A review on: medicated chewing gum
Abstract
Chewing gums are the type of mobile drug delivery systems. It is useful by means of administering drugs either locally or systemically through, the oral cavity. The treated chewing gum has through the times gained adding acceptance as a medicine delivery system. As compare to that chewable tablets treated epoxies aren't supposed to be swallowed and it can be removed from the point of operation without resort to invasive means and treated biting gum. MCG is solid, single cure medication. The end of this review is to gives an overview of gum composition, manufacturing process, and characterization. Due to the failure of studies concerning the evaluation of the mechanical parcels of MCGs, lesser effect was placed on the available performance tests and procedures for the estimation of their mechanical and textural parcels. It can be used either for original (mucosal) treatment of mouth complaint or for systemic (transmucosal) delivery by direct intra oral immersion through the buccal mucosa.
Keywords:
Chewing gums, medicated, oral, Nicotine replacement therapy
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References
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10. Ritesh Kumar ,Pavitra solanki,medicated chewing gum –A Noveled drug delivery system : Anupdated review 10 july 2018
11. Naik H, Gupta S. Medicated Chewing Gums- Updated Review. IJPRD 2011; 2 (8): 66-76.
12. Jacobsen J, Christrup LL, Jensen NH. Medicated chewing gum: Pros and Cons. Am J Drug Deliv 2004; 2 (2): 75-88.
13. Goldberg LD, Ditchek NT. Chewing gum diarrhea, Am J Dig Dis 1978; 23(6): 568-62.
14. Addy M, Roberts WR. Comparison of the bis biguanide antiseptics alexidine and chlorhexidine II. Clinical and in vitro staining properties. J Clin. Periodontol 1981; 8(3):220-30.
15. Barabolak R, Hoerman K, Kroll N, et al. Chewing gum profiles in U.S. Population. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol 1991;19:125
16. Pedersen M, Rassing MR. Miconazole chewing gum as a drug delivery system: application of solid dispersion technique and lecithin, Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1990;16:2015-30
17. Christrup LL, Moeller N. Chewing gum as a drug delivery system-in vitro simulation of human mastication and influence of formulation upon the release of a water-soluble drug. Arch Pharm Chem Sci Ed 1986;14:30-6
18. Edgar WM, Dawes C, O’Mullane D. Saliva and oral health: An essential overview for the health professional. 3rd ed., British Dental Association Publication, London; 2004.
19. Zyck DJ, Greenberg MJ, Barkalow DG, Marske SW, Schnell PG, Mazzone P. Method of making coated chewing gum products containing various antacids. US Patent 6. 2003: 645,535.
20 .Imfeld T. “Chewing gum--facts and fiction: a review of gum-chewing and oral health”. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 1999; 10(3):405-19.
21. Koch ER, Glass M. Non-stick bubble gum base composition. Google Patents; 1982.
22. Kahtani D. Chewing gum: trick or treat. SDJ 1999; 11(1): 27-34.
23. Cherukuri SR, Friello DR, Ferroti M, Jewell W, D'amelia RP. Gum base, chewing gum containing same and method. Google Patents; 1982.
24. Keizo M, Yokomichi FY. Process for the preparation of chewing gum. US Patent 1976; 4:321.
25. Jacobsen J, Christrup LL, Jensen N-H. Medicated chewing gum. Am J Drug Deliv. 2004;2(2):75–88.
26. Stroz JJ, Bakal AI, Mackay DA. Calorie-free non-adhesive chewing gums and method. Google Patents; 1980.
27. Jacobsen J, Bjerregaard S, Pedersen M. Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of antimycotics intended to act in the oral cavity—drug supersaturation, toxicity on TR146 cells and release from a delivery system. Eur J Phar Biopharm. 1999; 48(3): 217-224.
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29. Gubler SA. Process for preparing chewing gum containing a nutritional supplement. Google Patents; 2003.
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34. Sameja K, Raval V, Asodiya H, Patadiya D. Chewing gum: A modern approach to oral mucosal drug delivery. Int J Pharm Res Dev. 2011;4:001–16. [Google Scholar]
35. Cosgrove T, Erol AH, Voss MG. Chewing Gum Composition. US Patent Application No. 12/449,622. 2008 [Google Scholar]
36. Gavaskar B, Venkataramana D, Rao YM. Medicated chewing gum: A novel approach to improve patient compliance. Int J Res Pharm Biomed Sci. 2011;2:23–32. [Google Scholar]
37. Ortega-Rivas E, Juliano P, Yan H. Food Powders: Physical Properties, Processing, and Functionality. Springer. 2006:342. [Google Scholar]
38. Kubota RM, Thomas SM, Chapdelaine AH, Courtright SB. Method of Making Chewing Gum. US Patent No. 4,806,364. 1989 [Google Scholar]
39. Harikae N, Sato Y, Shibata M, Tezuka S. Process for Preparation of Chewing Gum. US Patent No. 4,329,369. 1982 [Google Scholar]
40. Mochizuki K, Yokomichi F. Process for the Preparation of Chewing Gum. US Patent No. 4,000,321. 1976 [Google Scholar]
41. Cloys la, christen AG, christen ja the development and history of chewing gums. Bull Hist dent. 40:57-65 (1992).
42. Chewing gums: How products are made? -- information available from www.madehow.com/Volume-1/ Chewing-Gum.html/Chicli Project, Speakeasy Natural Gum Rainforest Chicles
43. Wilkinson, L., Scholey, A., Wesnes, K. Chewing gum se-lectively improves aspects of memory in healthy volunteers. Appetite. 38: 235-236 (2002).
44. Shojaei, A.H. Buccal Mucosa As A Route For Systemic Drug Delivery: A Review. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci. 1 (1):15-30 (1998). PMid:10942969
45. Surana, A.S. Chewing gum: a friendly oral mucosal drug delivery system. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. 4(2): 68-71 (2010).
46. Batra, A., Klingler, K., Landfeldt, B., Friedrich, H.M., Westin, A., Danielsson, T. Smoking reduction treatment with 4-mg nicotine gum: a double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled study. ClinPharmacolTher, 78: 689- 696 (2005).
47. Moore, M., Hasler-Nguyen, N., Saroea, G. In vitro tooth whitening effect of two medicated chewing gums compared to a whitening gum and saliva. BMC Oral Health. 8: 23 (2008).
48. Mehta, F., Keservani, R.K., Karthikeyan, C., Trivedi, P. Chewing gum as a drug delivery system. Archives of Applied Science Research. 2(2): 79-9 (2010).
49. Zyck, D.J., Greenberg, M.J., Barkalow, D.G., Marske, S.W., Schnell, P.G., Mazzone, P. (2003). Method of making coated chewing gum products containing various antacids. US Patent 6: 645,535
50. Bhise, K.S., Jahagirdar, S. Medicated chewing gum: a re-view. Indian J Pharm Educ. 39(3): 139-146 (2005).
51. Rassing MR. Chewing gum as a drug delivery system. Adv Drug Delivery Rev. 1994;13:89– 121. doi: 10.1016/0169-409X(94)90028-0. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
52. General monograph on dosage forms. Chewing gums, medicated, drug release. In: European Pharmacopoeia, 4th ed.; European directorate for the quality of medicines, Council of Europe: Strasbourg. France; 2002.p. 227.
53. Barcelon SA. Chewing gum containing wheat gluten. Patent number WO1994017673 A1, Aug 18; 1994.
54. Sramkova Z, Gregova E, Sturdik E. Chemical composition and nutritional quality of wheat grain. Acta Chimica Slovaca. 2009;2:115–38. [Google Scholar]
55. Bandyopadhyay AK, Sudhakar Y, Kuotsu K. Buccal bioadhesive drug delivery—a promising option for orally less efficient drugs. J Controlled Release. 2006;114:15–40. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.04.012. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar].
56. Mary Bellis. The history of chewing gum and bubble gum. Available from: URL: http://inventors.about.com/od/gstartinventions/a/gu m.htm.
57. A. Garg A. Sharma, Y.S. Tanwar- Medicated Chewing Gum As drug delivery system, Bhupal Nobles college of pharmacy, Udaipur-313001, Rajasthan.
58. Health In Gum -- Directly compressible gum by Cafosa. Available from: www.healthingum.com
59. Swati N. Lade, Satish Kosale- An updated review on medicated chewing gum As a potential tool college of pharmacy Chandrapur, 11Nov.2016.
60. Prashant K. Pagare, Chandrakant S., Satpute, Varsha M. Jadhav and Vilasrao Kadam: “Medicated Chewing Gum: A Novel Drug Delivery System”, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2012; 2(6): 40-54.
2.R.Jayaprakash, Aruna Sharma, Therapeutic chewing gum: Review, Shree Balaji Dental college and hospital, Bharath university, Chennai,Sept.10,2015
3. Lee WW chewing gum as delivery for vehicle for phaemacetical and nutraceutical substances pharm tech online 2001;2:1-11
4. Morjaria Y, Irwin WJ, Barnett PX, Chan RS and Conway BR “ In Vitro Release of Nicotine From Chewing Gum Formulations”, Dissolution Technologies, 2004; 12-15
5. Conway B, “Chewing Gum as a Drug Delivery System”, The Drug Delivery Companies, Report Autumn/Winter, 2003; 33-35.
6. Jacobsen J, Christrup LL, Jensen NH. Medicated chewing gum: pros and cons. Am J Drug Deliv 2004;2(2):75-88
7. Strasbourg. European directorate for the quality of medicines. European Pharmacopoeia. Chewing gums: medicated. 5th edition. 2004. p. 260, 601-module chewing apparatus.
8. Strasbourg. European directorate for the quality of medicines (EDQM), council of Europe, European Pharmacopoeia. General monograph on dosage forms: chewing gums, medicated. 5th edition. France; 2005. p. 601
9. Khanekar P, Mhatre S, Momin M. Medicated Chewing Gum: A Potential Drug Delivery System. IJPFR 2012; 2(4): 64-75.
10. Ritesh Kumar ,Pavitra solanki,medicated chewing gum –A Noveled drug delivery system : Anupdated review 10 july 2018
11. Naik H, Gupta S. Medicated Chewing Gums- Updated Review. IJPRD 2011; 2 (8): 66-76.
12. Jacobsen J, Christrup LL, Jensen NH. Medicated chewing gum: Pros and Cons. Am J Drug Deliv 2004; 2 (2): 75-88.
13. Goldberg LD, Ditchek NT. Chewing gum diarrhea, Am J Dig Dis 1978; 23(6): 568-62.
14. Addy M, Roberts WR. Comparison of the bis biguanide antiseptics alexidine and chlorhexidine II. Clinical and in vitro staining properties. J Clin. Periodontol 1981; 8(3):220-30.
15. Barabolak R, Hoerman K, Kroll N, et al. Chewing gum profiles in U.S. Population. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol 1991;19:125
16. Pedersen M, Rassing MR. Miconazole chewing gum as a drug delivery system: application of solid dispersion technique and lecithin, Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1990;16:2015-30
17. Christrup LL, Moeller N. Chewing gum as a drug delivery system-in vitro simulation of human mastication and influence of formulation upon the release of a water-soluble drug. Arch Pharm Chem Sci Ed 1986;14:30-6
18. Edgar WM, Dawes C, O’Mullane D. Saliva and oral health: An essential overview for the health professional. 3rd ed., British Dental Association Publication, London; 2004.
19. Zyck DJ, Greenberg MJ, Barkalow DG, Marske SW, Schnell PG, Mazzone P. Method of making coated chewing gum products containing various antacids. US Patent 6. 2003: 645,535.
20 .Imfeld T. “Chewing gum--facts and fiction: a review of gum-chewing and oral health”. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 1999; 10(3):405-19.
21. Koch ER, Glass M. Non-stick bubble gum base composition. Google Patents; 1982.
22. Kahtani D. Chewing gum: trick or treat. SDJ 1999; 11(1): 27-34.
23. Cherukuri SR, Friello DR, Ferroti M, Jewell W, D'amelia RP. Gum base, chewing gum containing same and method. Google Patents; 1982.
24. Keizo M, Yokomichi FY. Process for the preparation of chewing gum. US Patent 1976; 4:321.
25. Jacobsen J, Christrup LL, Jensen N-H. Medicated chewing gum. Am J Drug Deliv. 2004;2(2):75–88.
26. Stroz JJ, Bakal AI, Mackay DA. Calorie-free non-adhesive chewing gums and method. Google Patents; 1980.
27. Jacobsen J, Bjerregaard S, Pedersen M. Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of antimycotics intended to act in the oral cavity—drug supersaturation, toxicity on TR146 cells and release from a delivery system. Eur J Phar Biopharm. 1999; 48(3): 217-224.
28. Athanikar NK, Gubler SA. Process for manufacturing a pharmaceutical chewing gum. Google Patents; 2001.
29. Gubler SA. Process for preparing chewing gum containing a nutritional supplement. Google Patents; 2003.
30. European Pharmacopoeia, 3rd ed.
31. Morjaria Y, Irwin WJ, Barnett PX, Chan RS and Conway BR “ In Vitro Release of Nicotine From Chewing Gum Formulations”, Dissolution Technologies, 2004; 12-15
32. Nagasamy VD, Toprani PS, Mukherejee S, Tulasi K. Medicated chewing gums - A review. Int J Pharm Sci. 2014;4:581–6. [Google Scholar]
33. Gadhavi AG, Patel BN, Patel DM, Patel CN. Medicated chewing gum-A 21st century drug delivery system. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2011;2:1961–74. [Google Scholar]
34. Sameja K, Raval V, Asodiya H, Patadiya D. Chewing gum: A modern approach to oral mucosal drug delivery. Int J Pharm Res Dev. 2011;4:001–16. [Google Scholar]
35. Cosgrove T, Erol AH, Voss MG. Chewing Gum Composition. US Patent Application No. 12/449,622. 2008 [Google Scholar]
36. Gavaskar B, Venkataramana D, Rao YM. Medicated chewing gum: A novel approach to improve patient compliance. Int J Res Pharm Biomed Sci. 2011;2:23–32. [Google Scholar]
37. Ortega-Rivas E, Juliano P, Yan H. Food Powders: Physical Properties, Processing, and Functionality. Springer. 2006:342. [Google Scholar]
38. Kubota RM, Thomas SM, Chapdelaine AH, Courtright SB. Method of Making Chewing Gum. US Patent No. 4,806,364. 1989 [Google Scholar]
39. Harikae N, Sato Y, Shibata M, Tezuka S. Process for Preparation of Chewing Gum. US Patent No. 4,329,369. 1982 [Google Scholar]
40. Mochizuki K, Yokomichi F. Process for the Preparation of Chewing Gum. US Patent No. 4,000,321. 1976 [Google Scholar]
41. Cloys la, christen AG, christen ja the development and history of chewing gums. Bull Hist dent. 40:57-65 (1992).
42. Chewing gums: How products are made? -- information available from www.madehow.com/Volume-1/ Chewing-Gum.html/Chicli Project, Speakeasy Natural Gum Rainforest Chicles
43. Wilkinson, L., Scholey, A., Wesnes, K. Chewing gum se-lectively improves aspects of memory in healthy volunteers. Appetite. 38: 235-236 (2002).
44. Shojaei, A.H. Buccal Mucosa As A Route For Systemic Drug Delivery: A Review. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci. 1 (1):15-30 (1998). PMid:10942969
45. Surana, A.S. Chewing gum: a friendly oral mucosal drug delivery system. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. 4(2): 68-71 (2010).
46. Batra, A., Klingler, K., Landfeldt, B., Friedrich, H.M., Westin, A., Danielsson, T. Smoking reduction treatment with 4-mg nicotine gum: a double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled study. ClinPharmacolTher, 78: 689- 696 (2005).
47. Moore, M., Hasler-Nguyen, N., Saroea, G. In vitro tooth whitening effect of two medicated chewing gums compared to a whitening gum and saliva. BMC Oral Health. 8: 23 (2008).
48. Mehta, F., Keservani, R.K., Karthikeyan, C., Trivedi, P. Chewing gum as a drug delivery system. Archives of Applied Science Research. 2(2): 79-9 (2010).
49. Zyck, D.J., Greenberg, M.J., Barkalow, D.G., Marske, S.W., Schnell, P.G., Mazzone, P. (2003). Method of making coated chewing gum products containing various antacids. US Patent 6: 645,535
50. Bhise, K.S., Jahagirdar, S. Medicated chewing gum: a re-view. Indian J Pharm Educ. 39(3): 139-146 (2005).
51. Rassing MR. Chewing gum as a drug delivery system. Adv Drug Delivery Rev. 1994;13:89– 121. doi: 10.1016/0169-409X(94)90028-0. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
52. General monograph on dosage forms. Chewing gums, medicated, drug release. In: European Pharmacopoeia, 4th ed.; European directorate for the quality of medicines, Council of Europe: Strasbourg. France; 2002.p. 227.
53. Barcelon SA. Chewing gum containing wheat gluten. Patent number WO1994017673 A1, Aug 18; 1994.
54. Sramkova Z, Gregova E, Sturdik E. Chemical composition and nutritional quality of wheat grain. Acta Chimica Slovaca. 2009;2:115–38. [Google Scholar]
55. Bandyopadhyay AK, Sudhakar Y, Kuotsu K. Buccal bioadhesive drug delivery—a promising option for orally less efficient drugs. J Controlled Release. 2006;114:15–40. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.04.012. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar].
56. Mary Bellis. The history of chewing gum and bubble gum. Available from: URL: http://inventors.about.com/od/gstartinventions/a/gu m.htm.
57. A. Garg A. Sharma, Y.S. Tanwar- Medicated Chewing Gum As drug delivery system, Bhupal Nobles college of pharmacy, Udaipur-313001, Rajasthan.
58. Health In Gum -- Directly compressible gum by Cafosa. Available from: www.healthingum.com
59. Swati N. Lade, Satish Kosale- An updated review on medicated chewing gum As a potential tool college of pharmacy Chandrapur, 11Nov.2016.
60. Prashant K. Pagare, Chandrakant S., Satpute, Varsha M. Jadhav and Vilasrao Kadam: “Medicated Chewing Gum: A Novel Drug Delivery System”, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2012; 2(6): 40-54.
Published
12/01/2023
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Jadhav, A. “A Review On: Medicated Chewing Gum”. International Journal of Health Care and Biological Sciences, Vol. 4, no. 1, Jan. 2023, pp. 1-12, doi:10.46795/ijhcbs.v4i1.404.
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